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Rodica Stănoiu
Rodica Mihaela Stănoiu (born May 10, 1939) is a Romanian jurist and politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and later the Conservative Party (PC), she was a member of the Romanian Senate for Olt County from 1996 to 2008, with a hiatus in March–December 2004. In the Adrian Năstase cabinet, she was Minister of Justice from 2000 to 2004.
==Biography==
Born in Nucet, Dâmboviţa County, she attended the Law Faculty of the University of Bucharest from 1957 to 1961. She undertook Criminology studies at the Université de Montréal from 1968 to 1969, and obtained a Doctor of Law degree in Bucharest in 1974, with a thesis on International Criminal Law. She also studied Comparative Law at the University of Strasbourg in 1982. From 1961 to 2000, she worked as a scientific researcher at Bucharest's Institute for Judicial Studies (ICJ), advancing in rank in 1971 and again in 1990, when she became head of the Public Law Department. During her career as professor and researcher in criminal law and criminology, she authored or co-authored fourteen monographs, 130 studies and 30 reports to international congresses. She was also visiting professor at Strasbourg and the Université Libre de Bruxelles (1985) and at Montreal (1988). Among her professional positions were as president of the Romanian Society of Criminology and Criminalistics, and as editor-in-chief of a law review.〔 ; accessed August 21, 2010〕
Stănoiu worked as a secretary of state at the Labour Ministry from 1995 to 1996.〔 She was elected senator three times: in 1996, 2000 and 2004. During her time in the Senate, she was on the committees for human rights, religious affairs and minorities (1996-2000);〔 (1996-2000 parliamentary profile ); accessed August 20, 2010〕 for revising the Constitution (2000-2004);〔 (2000-2004 parliamentary profile ); accessed August 20, 2010〕 for investigating abuses, combating corruption and petitions (2004-2006); and for defence, public order and national security (2007-2008).〔 (2004-2008 parliamentary profile ); accessed August 20, 2010〕 After the PDSR (PSD from 2001) won the 2000 election, incoming Prime Minister Adrian Năstase named her Justice Minister that December.〔 (Adrian Năstase Government ); accessed August 20, 2010〕 Before the end of 2001, she had dismissed every prosecutor involved in anti-corruption trials and in trials of state officials accused of acts of repression during the bloody Romanian Revolution of 1989 that toppled the Communist regime. In July of that year, President Ion Iliescu appointed Stănoiu's husband to the Constitutional Court, raising fears of nepotism.〔 He and Năstase decided to sack her in March 2004 following calls for her departure from the opposition National Liberal Party (PNL) and Democratic Party (PD), comments by a judge accusing her of being personally responsible for "chaos" in the justice system and for not wanting genuinely independent judges, and a draft report by the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs criticising Romania for lacking a politically independent judiciary.〔(Newsline - March 4, 2004 ), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty; accessed August 20, 2010〕 Right afterwards, Iliescu hired her as a presidential adviser, leading to her resignation from the Senate, as the two positions cannot be held simultaneously.〔 ("Stănoiu a demisionat din Senat" ("Stănoiu Resigns from Senate") ), ''Ziarul Financiar'', 16 March 2004; accessed August 20, 2010〕 Within her party, Stănoiu was a vice president from 1996 to 2000 and again from 2001.〔
Both during and after Stănoiu's ministerial service, her relationship with the pre-1989 Securitate secret police under Communism came under scrutiny. In autumn 2006, the CNSAS, an institution charged with investigating Securitate affiliations, declared her a collaborator based on a law later found unconstitutional. In response, she challenged the verdict and quit the PSD,〔 Andrei Popescu, ("Stănoiu a turnat la Securitate aventurile lui Năstase" ("Stănoiu Denounced Năstase's Adventures to the Securitate") ), ''România Liberă'', 20 December 2008; accessed August 20, 2010〕 joining the PC several months later.〔 Cristina Iamandi, ("Rodica Stănoiu s-a inscris in PC" ("Rodica Stănoiu Joins PC") ), ''România Liberă'', 24 January 2007; accessed August 20, 2010〕 According to the CNSAS, while working at the ICJ in the 1980s, Stănoiu, code-named "Sanda", signed fifty-one notes reporting information about her colleagues, including her future boss Năstase, to the Securitate. Although graphologists have attested that the handwriting is hers, she claims the notes are forgeries and refuses to comment of whether she collaborated with the secret police.〔〔 ("Dosarul Rodicăi Stănoiu cu CNSAS, strămutat la Curtea de Apel Oradea" ("Rodica Stănoiu's CNSAS Case Moved to Oradea Court of Appeal") ), ''România Liberă'', 3 March 2010; accessed August 20, 2010〕〔 Mirela Corlăţan, ("Cazul 'Stănoiu': agenta 'Sanda' spionează ziarişti" ("'Stănoiu' Case: Agent 'Sanda' Spies on Journalists") ), ''Evenimentul Zilei'', 24 June 2010; accessed August 20, 2010〕 A June 2012 ruling by a court in Oradea, where she requested the case be moved in order to avoid media publicity, upheld the CNSAS verdict, confirming that Stănoiu was "Sanda" and did collaborate with the Securitate. The ruling is subject to appeal.〔> Claudia Bonchiş, ("Rodica Stănoiu a colaborat cu Securitatea. Curtea de Apel Oradea menţine decizia CNSAS în cazul fostului ministru al Justiţiei" ("Rodica Stănoiu Collaborated with the Securitate. Oradea Court of Appeals Upholds CNSAS Decision in Case of Former Justice Minister") ), ''Adevărul'', 19 June 2012; accessed June 19, 2012〕〔> Ionel Stoica, Virgil Burlă, ("Magistrați: Rodica Stănoiu este turnătoarea 'Sanda'" ("Judges: Rodica Stănoiu Is Informant 'Sanda'") ), ''Evenimentul Zilei'', 19 June 2012; accessed June 19, 2012〕 In January 2001, her first major appointment while minister was former top Securitate official General Marian Ureche as director of the ministry's intelligence service. Later, he was revealed to have been Securitate supervisor at the ICJ, and she fought to keep him until the extent of his involvement in controversial intelligence work before and after 1989 emerged and led to his ouster in November 2003.〔Gallagher, Tom. ''Modern Romania: The End of Communism, the Failure of Democratic Reform, and the Theft of a Nation'', p.317. NYU Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8147-3172-4〕
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